Salah Time Calculator
Calculate all 5 daily prayer times based on astronomical calculations. Enter your latitude, longitude, and date to get accurate Salah times.
°
°
Prayer Time Calculations:
Solar Position:
• Declination (δ): δ = arcsin(sin(ε) × sin(λ))
• Equation of Time (E): Accounts for Earth's elliptical orbit
• Solar Noon: 12 - (longitude/15) - (E/60)
Hour Angle Formula:
cos(H) = (sin(h) - sin(φ) × sin(δ)) / (cos(φ) × cos(δ))
Where:
• φ = latitude (radians)
• δ = solar declination (radians)
• h = altitude angle below/above horizon
• H = hour angle
Prayer Times:
1. Fajr (Dawn):
Sun at -15° to -18° below horizon (varies by method)
Time = Solar Noon - (H/15)
Methods: MWL (-18°), ISNA (-15°), Umm al-Qura (-18.5°)
2. Sunrise (Shuruq):
Sun at -0.833° (accounts for refraction)
Time = Solar Noon - (H/15)
3. Dhuhr (Midday):
Solar Noon + safety margin (few minutes)
Time = Solar Noon + 0.1 hours
4. Asr (Afternoon):
Shadow length = object length + noon shadow (Standard)
Shadow length = 2 × object length + noon shadow (Hanafi)
Angle = arctan(1/(shadow_ratio + tan(|φ-δ|)))
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
5. Maghrib (Sunset):
Sun at -0.833° below horizon
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
6. Isha (Night):
Sun at -15° to -18° below horizon (varies by method)
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
Julian Day Calculation:
Used to determine Earth's orbital position for declination
Note: Different schools and regions use different angles.
This calculator uses configurable Fajr/Isha angles.
Example 1 (New York, Summer):
Latitude: 40.7128°N, Longitude: -74.0060°W
Date: June 21, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 03:32
• Sunrise: 05:24
• Dhuhr: 12:58
• Asr: 16:42
• Maghrib: 20:31
• Isha: 22:10
Very long day - summer solstice
Example 2 (New York, Winter):
Latitude: 40.7128°N, Longitude: -74.0060°W
Date: December 21, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 05:46
• Sunrise: 07:16
• Dhuhr: 11:59
• Asr: 14:32
• Maghrib: 16:32
• Isha: 18:02
Short day - winter solstice
Example 3 (Mecca, Saudi Arabia):
Latitude: 21.4225°N, Longitude: 39.8262°E
Date: April 15, 2024
Fajr Angle: 18.5°, Isha Angle: 18.5°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 04:37
• Sunrise: 05:56
• Dhuhr: 12:05
• Asr: 15:24
• Maghrib: 18:14
• Isha: 19:44
Near equator - consistent prayer times
Example 4 (London, UK):
Latitude: 51.5074°N, Longitude: -0.1278°W
Date: May 1, 2024
Fajr Angle: 18°, Isha Angle: 18°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 03:15
• Sunrise: 05:38
• Dhuhr: 13:02
• Asr: 17:03
• Maghrib: 20:26
• Isha: 22:48
High latitude - long twilight period
Example 5 (Jakarta, Indonesia):
Latitude: -6.2088°S, Longitude: 106.8456°E
Date: March 10, 2024
Fajr Angle: 20°, Isha Angle: 18°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 04:25
• Sunrise: 05:55
• Dhuhr: 12:01
• Asr: 15:16
• Maghrib: 18:07
• Isha: 19:27
Equatorial - minimal seasonal variation
Example 6 (Toronto, Hanafi Method):
Latitude: 43.6532°N, Longitude: -79.3832°W
Date: July 1, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Hanafi
Results:
• Fajr: 03:35
• Sunrise: 05:36
• Dhuhr: 13:16
• Asr: 17:42 (later than Standard method)
• Maghrib: 20:55
• Isha: 22:36
Hanafi Asr is later than Standard/Shafi
Note: For religious observance, consult local mosque
or trusted Islamic authority for verified prayer times.
What are the 5 daily prayers (Salah)?
The five obligatory prayers are: Fajr (dawn), Dhuhr (midday), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (sunset), and Isha (night). Each has specific time windows based on the sun's position.
How are prayer times calculated?
Prayer times are calculated astronomically based on the sun's position relative to your location (latitude/longitude). Different calculation methods (MWL, ISNA, Umm al-Qura) use varying angle conventions.
What calculation method should I use?
Common methods: Muslim World League (MWL) - global, ISNA - North America, Umm al-Qura - Saudi Arabia, Egyptian - Egypt/Middle East. Choose the method followed by your local mosque or community.
Why do prayer times change daily?
Prayer times shift daily because they are tied to solar events (sunrise, sunset, solar noon). The sun's position changes throughout the year due to Earth's orbit and tilt.
What is the angle for Fajr and Isha?
Fajr begins when the sun is 12-20° below the horizon (varies by method). Isha begins when twilight disappears, typically 14-18° below horizon. This calculator uses standard angles for demonstration.
How do I find my latitude and longitude?
Use Google Maps: right-click your location and select the coordinates, or use your device's GPS. Enter the values in decimal degrees (e.g., 40.7128, -74.0060 for New York).
What if I live in extreme latitudes?
In areas with very long days/nights (high latitudes), standard calculation may not work. Special rules apply - consult local scholars or use the nearest normal latitude method.
Is this calculator accurate for religious use?
This is a simplified demonstration tool. For obligatory prayers, always verify with your local mosque timetable or a trusted Islamic organization that accounts for local variations.
What is the difference between Asr methods?
Two main Asr methods exist: Standard (Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali) when shadow = object length + noon shadow, and Hanafi when shadow = 2× object length + noon shadow. Hanafi Asr is later.
Can I adjust prayer times for safety margin?
Yes, many people add a few minutes to Fajr and subtract from others to ensure praying within the proper time. This calculator shows the calculated times; you can adjust personally.
📐 Formula
Prayer Time Calculations:
Solar Position:
• Declination (δ): δ = arcsin(sin(ε) × sin(λ))
• Equation of Time (E): Accounts for Earth's elliptical orbit
• Solar Noon: 12 - (longitude/15) - (E/60)
Hour Angle Formula:
cos(H) = (sin(h) - sin(φ) × sin(δ)) / (cos(φ) × cos(δ))
Where:
• φ = latitude (radians)
• δ = solar declination (radians)
• h = altitude angle below/above horizon
• H = hour angle
Prayer Times:
1. Fajr (Dawn):
Sun at -15° to -18° below horizon (varies by method)
Time = Solar Noon - (H/15)
Methods: MWL (-18°), ISNA (-15°), Umm al-Qura (-18.5°)
2. Sunrise (Shuruq):
Sun at -0.833° (accounts for refraction)
Time = Solar Noon - (H/15)
3. Dhuhr (Midday):
Solar Noon + safety margin (few minutes)
Time = Solar Noon + 0.1 hours
4. Asr (Afternoon):
Shadow length = object length + noon shadow (Standard)
Shadow length = 2 × object length + noon shadow (Hanafi)
Angle = arctan(1/(shadow_ratio + tan(|φ-δ|)))
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
5. Maghrib (Sunset):
Sun at -0.833° below horizon
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
6. Isha (Night):
Sun at -15° to -18° below horizon (varies by method)
Time = Solar Noon + (H/15)
Julian Day Calculation:
Used to determine Earth's orbital position for declination
Note: Different schools and regions use different angles.
This calculator uses configurable Fajr/Isha angles.
📝 Example Calculation
Example 1 (New York, Summer):
Latitude: 40.7128°N, Longitude: -74.0060°W
Date: June 21, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 03:32
• Sunrise: 05:24
• Dhuhr: 12:58
• Asr: 16:42
• Maghrib: 20:31
• Isha: 22:10
Very long day - summer solstice
Example 2 (New York, Winter):
Latitude: 40.7128°N, Longitude: -74.0060°W
Date: December 21, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 05:46
• Sunrise: 07:16
• Dhuhr: 11:59
• Asr: 14:32
• Maghrib: 16:32
• Isha: 18:02
Short day - winter solstice
Example 3 (Mecca, Saudi Arabia):
Latitude: 21.4225°N, Longitude: 39.8262°E
Date: April 15, 2024
Fajr Angle: 18.5°, Isha Angle: 18.5°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 04:37
• Sunrise: 05:56
• Dhuhr: 12:05
• Asr: 15:24
• Maghrib: 18:14
• Isha: 19:44
Near equator - consistent prayer times
Example 4 (London, UK):
Latitude: 51.5074°N, Longitude: -0.1278°W
Date: May 1, 2024
Fajr Angle: 18°, Isha Angle: 18°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 03:15
• Sunrise: 05:38
• Dhuhr: 13:02
• Asr: 17:03
• Maghrib: 20:26
• Isha: 22:48
High latitude - long twilight period
Example 5 (Jakarta, Indonesia):
Latitude: -6.2088°S, Longitude: 106.8456°E
Date: March 10, 2024
Fajr Angle: 20°, Isha Angle: 18°, Asr: Standard
Results:
• Fajr: 04:25
• Sunrise: 05:55
• Dhuhr: 12:01
• Asr: 15:16
• Maghrib: 18:07
• Isha: 19:27
Equatorial - minimal seasonal variation
Example 6 (Toronto, Hanafi Method):
Latitude: 43.6532°N, Longitude: -79.3832°W
Date: July 1, 2024
Fajr Angle: 15°, Isha Angle: 15°, Asr: Hanafi
Results:
• Fajr: 03:35
• Sunrise: 05:36
• Dhuhr: 13:16
• Asr: 17:42 (later than Standard method)
• Maghrib: 20:55
• Isha: 22:36
Hanafi Asr is later than Standard/Shafi
Note: For religious observance, consult local mosque
or trusted Islamic authority for verified prayer times.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What are the 5 daily prayers (Salah)?▼
The five obligatory prayers are: Fajr (dawn), Dhuhr (midday), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (sunset), and Isha (night). Each has specific time windows based on the sun's position.
How are prayer times calculated?▼
Prayer times are calculated astronomically based on the sun's position relative to your location (latitude/longitude). Different calculation methods (MWL, ISNA, Umm al-Qura) use varying angle conventions.
What calculation method should I use?▼
Common methods: Muslim World League (MWL) - global, ISNA - North America, Umm al-Qura - Saudi Arabia, Egyptian - Egypt/Middle East. Choose the method followed by your local mosque or community.
Why do prayer times change daily?▼
Prayer times shift daily because they are tied to solar events (sunrise, sunset, solar noon). The sun's position changes throughout the year due to Earth's orbit and tilt.
What is the angle for Fajr and Isha?▼
Fajr begins when the sun is 12-20° below the horizon (varies by method). Isha begins when twilight disappears, typically 14-18° below horizon. This calculator uses standard angles for demonstration.
How do I find my latitude and longitude?▼
Use Google Maps: right-click your location and select the coordinates, or use your device's GPS. Enter the values in decimal degrees (e.g., 40.7128, -74.0060 for New York).
What if I live in extreme latitudes?▼
In areas with very long days/nights (high latitudes), standard calculation may not work. Special rules apply - consult local scholars or use the nearest normal latitude method.
Is this calculator accurate for religious use?▼
This is a simplified demonstration tool. For obligatory prayers, always verify with your local mosque timetable or a trusted Islamic organization that accounts for local variations.
What is the difference between Asr methods?▼
Two main Asr methods exist: Standard (Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali) when shadow = object length + noon shadow, and Hanafi when shadow = 2× object length + noon shadow. Hanafi Asr is later.
Can I adjust prayer times for safety margin?▼
Yes, many people add a few minutes to Fajr and subtract from others to ensure praying within the proper time. This calculator shows the calculated times; you can adjust personally.