Scientific Calculator
Perform advanced scientific calculations online. Calculate trigonometric functions, logarithms, square roots, powers, factorials, and more with support for both degrees and radians.
Powers & Roots:
• Square: x² = x × x
• Cube: x³ = x × x × x
• Square Root: √x
Trigonometric:
• sin(θ), cos(θ), tan(θ)
• Remember: 1° = π/180 radians
Logarithms:
• ln(x) = natural log (base e)
• log(x) = common log (base 10)
Special:
• e^x = exponential function
• x! = factorial (1×2×3×...×x)
• 1/x = reciprocal
Square Root:
√16 = 4
√25 = 5
Trigonometry:
sin(30°) = 0.5
cos(60°) = 0.5
tan(45°) = 1
Logarithms:
ln(e) = 1
log₁₀(100) = 2
Factorial:
5! = 1×2×3×4×5 = 120
10! = 3,628,800
What is the difference between ln and log?
ln is the natural logarithm (base e ≈ 2.718), written as ln(x). log is the common logarithm (base 10), written as log₁₀(x). ln(e) = 1, log(10) = 1. Natural log is used in calculus and exponential growth. Common log is used for pH, decibels, and Richter scale. To convert: ln(x) = 2.303 × log(x).
When should I use degrees vs radians?
Degrees (°) are easier for everyday angles: full circle = 360°, right angle = 90°. Radians (rad) are used in calculus and advanced math: full circle = 2π rad, right angle = π/2 rad. To convert: degrees × (π/180) = radians. Most scientific calculators default to radians. Use degrees for navigation, geometry, and construction.
What is e and why is it important?
e (Euler's number) ≈ 2.71828 is the base of natural logarithms. It appears in exponential growth/decay (population, radioactive decay, compound interest), calculus (derivative of e^x is e^x), and probability. e^x is the exponential function. ln(x) is its inverse. e is as fundamental to math as π.
How do I calculate large factorials?
Factorial (n!) = 1×2×3×...×n grows extremely fast. 10! = 3,628,800. 20! = 2.4×10¹⁸. Most calculators can't compute past 170! due to overflow. For large n, use Stirling's approximation: n! ≈ √(2πn) × (n/e)^n. Factorials are used in permutations, combinations, and probability.
🔗 Related Calculators
📐 Formula
Powers & Roots:
• Square: x² = x × x
• Cube: x³ = x × x × x
• Square Root: √x
Trigonometric:
• sin(θ), cos(θ), tan(θ)
• Remember: 1° = π/180 radians
Logarithms:
• ln(x) = natural log (base e)
• log(x) = common log (base 10)
Special:
• e^x = exponential function
• x! = factorial (1×2×3×...×x)
• 1/x = reciprocal
📝 Example Calculation
Square Root:
√16 = 4
√25 = 5
Trigonometry:
sin(30°) = 0.5
cos(60°) = 0.5
tan(45°) = 1
Logarithms:
ln(e) = 1
log₁₀(100) = 2
Factorial:
5! = 1×2×3×4×5 = 120
10! = 3,628,800