Dihybrid Cross Calculator

Solve complex genetic crosses. Enter the genotypes for two traits to see the full 16-cell Punnett square and the resulting statistical breakdown.

Parent 1 Genotype*

Parent 2 Genotype*

Dihybrid Probability Calculation: 1. Determine Gametes: Each parent produces 4 types of gametes (e.g., AB, Ab, aB, ab). 2. Create 16-Square Grid: Cross the 4 gametes from Parent 1 with the 4 from Parent 2. 3. Count Genotypes: Probability = (Number of squares with genotype) / 16. 4. Apply Law of Independent Assortment: Assumes genes are on different chromosomes.

Scenario: A cross between two pea plants heterozygous for both seed shape (Rr) and color (Yy). Both parents are RrYy. Calculation: 1. Gametes per parent: RY, Ry, rY, ry. 2. Resulting grid: 16 possible combinations. 3. Expected Ratio: 9 Round-Yellow, 3 Round-Green, 3 Wrinkled-Yellow, 1 Wrinkled-Green. Result: The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1.

What is a dihybrid cross?

A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. It explores how two distinct genes are inherited together.

What is the standard ratio for a dihybrid cross?

When two parents heterozygous for both traits (AaBb x AaBb) are crossed, the expected phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1 (dominant for both, dominant for A only, dominant for B only, recessive for both).

How do I use this calculator?

Enter the genotypes of Parent 1 and Parent 2 using two letters (e.g., AaBb). The tool will generate the 16-square Punnett grid and calculate the resulting probabilities.

What does independent assortment mean?

It is the principle that different genes separate independently of one another when reproductive cells develop. This is why a dihybrid cross results in 4 different gamete combinations per parent (AB, Ab, aB, ab).

🔗 Related Calculators

📐 Formula

📝 Example Calculation

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What is a dihybrid cross?▼

A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. It explores how two distinct genes are inherited together.

What is the standard ratio for a dihybrid cross?▼

When two parents heterozygous for both traits (AaBb x AaBb) are crossed, the expected phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1 (dominant for both, dominant for A only, dominant for B only, recessive for both).

How do I use this calculator?▼

Enter the genotypes of Parent 1 and Parent 2 using two letters (e.g., AaBb). The tool will generate the 16-square Punnett grid and calculate the resulting probabilities.

What does independent assortment mean?▼