Science Calculators
Scientific calculators for physics, chemistry, and biology
166 calculators available now
Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, or volume (with unit conversions)
Weight Calculator
Calculate weight on different planets based on gravity
Heat Index Calculator
Calculate the feels like temperature based on humidity
Dew Point Calculator
Calculate dew point, humidity, or temperature
Wind Chill Calculator
Calculate the feels like temperature based on wind speed
Mass Calculator
Calculate mass from density and volume with unit conversion
Half Life Calculator
Calculate radioactive decay and half-life
Force Calculator
Calculate force using Newtons second law F=ma
Velocity Calculator
Calculate velocity from distance and time
Acceleration Calculator
Calculate acceleration from velocity change
Work Calculator
Calculate work done by force W=Fd
Power Calculator
Calculate mechanical power
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Calculate kinetic energy KE=ยฝmvยฒ
Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate gravitational potential energy PE=mgh
Momentum Calculator
Calculate momentum p=mv
Frequency Calculator
Calculate frequency from period
Wavelength Calculator
Calculate wavelength from frequency
Ohms Law Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, resistance V=IR
Watt Calculator
Calculate electrical power P=VI
Projectile Motion Calculator
Calculate trajectory, range, and flight time
Circular Motion Calculator
Calculate centripetal force and acceleration
Free Fall Calculator
Calculate free fall motion under gravity
Spring Constant Calculator
Calculate spring constant using Hookes Law
Doppler Effect Calculator
Calculate frequency shift due to motion
Heat Transfer Calculator
Calculate heat transfer Q=mcฮT
Torque Calculator
Calculate torque ฯ=rรF
Electric Field Calculator
Calculate electric field strength E=F/q
Resistor Calculator
Calculate series and parallel resistance
Capacitor Calculator
Calculate capacitance and charge
Inductor Calculator
Calculate inductance and energy
Voltage Divider Calculator
Calculate output voltage in divider circuits
Current Divider Calculator
Calculate current distribution in parallel
RC Time Constant Calculator
Calculate RC circuit time constant ฯ=RC
RL Circuit Calculator
Calculate RL circuit parameters
RLC Circuit Calculator
Calculate RLC resonance frequency
Decibel Calculator
Convert between dB and power/voltage
Sound Wave Calculator
Calculate sound wavelength and speed
Light Speed Calculator
Calculate light speed and frequency
Gravitational Force Calculator
Calculate gravitational force F=Gmโmโ/rยฒ
Magnetic Field Calculator
Calculate magnetic field strength
Capacitance Calculator
Calculate capacitance from geometry
Transformer Calculator
Calculate transformer turns ratio
Battery Life Calculator
Calculate battery runtime and life
LED Resistor Calculator
Calculate current limiting resistor for LEDs
Solar Cell Calculator
Calculate solar cell efficiency and power
Op Amp Calculator
Calculate operational amplifier circuits
Filter Calculator
Calculate filter cutoff frequency
Protein Concentration Calculator
Calculate protein from absorbance
Protein Molecular Weight Calculator
Calculate protein MW from sequence
Punnett Square Calculator
Calculate genetic cross outcomes
qPCR Efficiency Calculator
Calculate PCR efficiency from slope
Trihybrid Cross Calculator
Calculate three-trait cross outcomes
VPD Calculator
Calculate vapor pressure deficit
Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate voltage drop in electrical circuits
E=mcยฒ Calculator
Calculate mass-energy equivalence (Einstein equation)
Displacement Calculator
Calculate displacement using kinematic equations
Impulse Calculator
Calculate impulse, force, or time interval (J=Ft)
Impulse-Momentum Calculator
Solve for force, time, mass, or velocity change
Elastic Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate stored energy in a spring (U=ยฝkฮxยฒ)
Friction Calculator
Calculate friction force or coefficient (f=ฮผN)
Pressure Calculator
Calculate pressure from force and area (P=F/A)
Average Velocity Calculator
Find average velocity for constant acceleration
Kinematic Equations Solver
Solve SUVAT variables for constant acceleration
Animal Mortality Rate Calculator
Calculate and evaluate mortality or death rate on a farm with benchmarks
Basal Area Calculator
Calculate basal area of a tree or forest stand density for forestry measurements
Annealing Temperature Calculator
Calculate optimal annealing temperature for PCR primers based on sequence
Allele Frequency Calculator
Calculate allele frequencies using Hardy-Weinberg equation from genotypes or disease prevalence
Generation Time Calculator
Calculate bacterial generation time and simulate population growth for microbiology
Cell Dilution Calculator
Calculate volumes for cell suspension dilutions using C1V1=C2V2
Cell Doubling Time Calculator
Calculate cell culture growth rate and doubling time
Dihybrid Cross Calculator
Calculate genetic outcomes for two traits using Punnett square
DNA Concentration Calculator
Calculate nucleic acid concentration from A260 absorbance
DNA Copy Number Calculator
Calculate number of DNA molecules from mass and length
DNA to mRNA Converter
Transcribe DNA coding sequences into mRNA transcripts
Crickets Chirping Thermometer
Estimate outdoor temperature by counting cricket chirps
Daily Light Integral (DLI) Calculator
Calculate total daily accumulation of PAR light for plants
Ligation Calculator
Calculate insert to vector ratio for DNA ligation
Grain Conversion Calculator
Convert between bushels, pounds, and kilograms for grain
MLVSS Calculator
Calculate mixed liquor volatile suspended solids in wastewater
Log Reduction Calculator
Calculate microbe reduction in log scale for disinfection
Plant Population Calculator
Calculate plant population and spacing for crops
Protein Concentration Calculator
Calculate protein concentration from absorbance at 280nm
Protein Molecular Weight Calculator
Calculate protein molecular weight from amino acid sequence
Punnett Square Calculator
Predict genotype and phenotype ratios from genetics
qPCR Efficiency Calculator
Calculate PCR efficiency from standard curve slope
Nicotine Half Life Calculator
Calculate how long nicotine stays in your system
Speaker Impedance Calculator
Calculate total impedance for speaker wiring
Tree Height Calculator
Estimate tree height using trigonometry with distance and angle
Vegetable Yield Calculator
Calculate expected crop yields and plant spacing for gardens
Water Soluble Fertilizer Calculator
Calculate fertilizer amounts for desired ppm concentrations
Activation Energy Calculator
Calculate activation energy from rate constants at two temperatures
Activity Coefficient Calculator
Calculate the ratio of chemical activity to molar concentration
AFR Calculator
Calculate air-fuel ratio for complete combustion
Arrhenius Equation Calculator
Calculate rate constants using the Arrhenius equation
Atom Calculator
Calculate protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
Atom Economy Calculator
Calculate atom economy and E-factor for reactions
Alligation Calculator
Calculate mixing ratios for solutions of varying concentrations
Average Atomic Mass Calculator
Calculate average atomic mass from isotopic masses and abundances
Water Potential Calculator
Calculate water potential and its components for plant biology
Wastewater Calculator
Model the activated sludge process for wastewater treatment plants
Beer Lambert Law Calculator
Calculate absorbance and concentration using Beer-Lambert law
Avogadro's Number Calculator
Convert between moles and number of molecules
Bleach Dilution Calculator
Calculate bleach dilutions for sanitizing solutions
Boiling Point Calculator
Look up boiling points of common substances
Boiling Point Elevation Calculator
Calculate boiling point elevation for solutions
Boiling Point at Altitude Calculator
Calculate boiling point at different altitudes
Atomic Mass Calculator
Calculate atomic mass from number of protons and neutrons
Calibration Curve Calculator
Generate calibration curves from standard concentrations and responses
Carbon Equivalent Calculator
Calculate carbon equivalent value (CEV) for steel weldability assessment
Carbon Sequestration Per Tree Calculator
Estimate CO2 absorption by tree species over time
Chemical Oxygen Demand Calculator
Calculate COD in water samples from titration results
Crude Protein Calculator
Calculate protein content from nitrogen percentage using conversion factors
Cubic Cell Calculator
Calculate lattice constant, atomic radius, and density for cubic crystal structures
Detention Time Calculator
Calculate hydraulic retention time in tanks and basins
Diffusion Coefficient Calculator
Calculate diffusion coefficient using temperature and viscosity
Electron Configuration Calculator
Write electron configuration for any element by symbol or atomic number
Enzyme Activity Calculator
Calculate enzyme activity, required volume, and unit conversions
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) Calculator
Calculate feed conversion ratio for livestock efficiency assessment
Growing Degree Units (GDU) Calculator
Calculate growing degree units for crop and plant development tracking
Gibbs Phase Rule Calculator
Calculate degrees of freedom for multi-component phase systems
Hydraulic Retention Time Calculator
Calculate HRT, reactor volume, or flow rate for treatment systems
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Energy Density Calculator
Compare gravimetric and volumetric energy density of hydrogen with other fuels
Miller Indices Calculator
Calculate interplanar spacing and Miller indices for crystal planes
PPM to Molarity Calculator
Convert between parts per million (ppm) and molarity (M) using molar mass
Protein Solubility Calculator
Calculate protein solubility percentage and concentration from mass and volume
Q10 Temperature Coefficient Calculator
Calculate Q10 temperature coefficient and reaction rates at different temperatures
Radioactive Decay Calculator
Calculate remaining amount, time elapsed, or half-life for radioactive materials
Radiocarbon Dating Calculator
Calculate the age of a sample based on remaining carbon-14 percentage
Raoult Law Calculator
Calculate solution vapor pressure, mole fraction, and pure solvent vapor pressure
Rate Constant Calculator
Calculate reaction rates, rate constants, and concentrations for zero to second order reactions
Rate of Effusion Calculator
Calculate gas effusion rates using Graham law for different gases
Reaction Quotient Calculator
Calculate reaction quotient Q and compare with equilibrium constant K
Resuspension Calculator
Calculate final concentration, mass, or volume for resuspending solids in solution
Saponification Value Calculator
Calculate saponification value of oils and fats from titration data
Serial Dilution Calculator
Calculate serial dilution steps, concentrations, and transfer volumes
Soil Organic Matter Percentage Calculator
Calculate SOM percentage using loss on ignition method for soil health
Solar Panel Efficiency vs Angle Calculator
Calculate optimal solar panel tilt angle and efficiency loss at suboptimal angles
TDS Calculator
Convert electrical conductivity to total dissolved solids or calculate from ion analysis
Two-Photon Absorption Calculator
Calculate two-photon absorption cross-section from laser parameters
Water Hardness Calculator
Calculate water hardness from calcium and magnesium concentrations
Wind Turbine Power Output Calculator
Calculate wind turbine power output from blade length and wind speed
Young-Laplace Equation Calculator
Calculate capillary pressure, rise height, or pore radius using the Young-Laplace equation
Battery Cycle Life vs Depth of Discharge (DoD) Calculator
Predict battery cycle life based on depth of discharge using the Rainflow model for Li-ion NMC, LFP, NCA, lead-acid, and NiMH
Supercapacitor Energy Storage Calculator
Calculate stored energy (Joules, Wh), usable energy, peak power, specific energy/power density, and 48V module configuration for EDLC supercapacitors
Photovoltaic (PV) Voltage Drop Calculator
Calculate DC and AC voltage drop, power loss, and recommended wire gauge for PV systems from 12V to 1500V with temperature compensation
Solar Array Shading Loss Predictor
Predict annual energy and revenue losses from solar panel shading based on shading severity, panel configuration, soiling, and location
Wind Speed to Power Conversion Calculator
Convert wind speed to power density (W/mยฒ), estimate turbine power, and check wind class with elevation-compensated air density
Tidal Energy Potential Calculator
Calculate tidal stream power, annual energy production, capacity factor, and environmental blockage for tidal turbine arrays
Wave Energy Converter Efficiency Calculator
Calculate wave power, captured energy, capture width ratio, and annual MWh for point absorbers, OWCs, attenuators, and more
Biomass Energy Yield Calculator
Calculate energy yield from wood, agricultural residues, manure, and MSW via combustion, CHP, AD biogas, gasification, and ethanol
Algae Biofuel Production Rate Calculator
Estimate annual biofuel yield from open ponds or photobioreactors with biomass productivity, lipid extraction, and land use efficiency
Ocean Acidification pH Impact Calculator
Calculate seawater pH, aragonite/calcite saturation, and acidification metrics from atmospheric COโ, temperature, salinity, and alkalinity
Glacial Melt Volume Predictor
Predict glacier mass loss, water equivalent volume, and sea level contribution under different climate scenarios with projections to 2100
Sea Level Rise Impact on Coastal Elevation Calculator
Assess coastal flood risk from SLR, tides, storm surge, and subsidence with future flood depth and protection analysis
Atmospheric COโ Concentration Trend Calculator
Project future COโ concentrations with growth rates and IPCC scenarios
Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Converter
Convert GHGs to COโ equivalent using IPCC AR6 GWP values
Electric Grid Load Balancing Calculator
Analyze grid net load, duck curve, and storage needs
Smart Grid Efficiency Gain Calculator
Calculate savings and ROI from AMI, VVO, and grid automation
Energy Storage System (ESS) Discharge Rate Calculator
Model battery C-rate, efficiency, cycle life, and revenue
Microgrid Stability Index Calculator
Calculate MSI for grid-connected and island microgrid modes
V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Potential Energy Calculator
Calculate EV fleet V2G energy, power, and revenue potential
3D Printing Structural Integrity Calculator
Calculate 3D printed part strength from material and infill settings
Carbon Fiber Tensile Strength Calculator
Calculate CFRP strength using rule of mixtures and layup analysis
Graphene Conductivity Ratio Calculator
Compare graphene electrical and thermal conductivity to reference materials
Nanoparticle Surface Area to Volume Calculator
Calculate SA:V ratio for nanospheres, rods, tubes, and sheets
Quantum Bit (Qubit) Coherence Time Calculator
Calculate Tโ, Tโ coherence times and quantum algorithm success rates